Social Media As A Platform For Police Brutality - 1646 Words

It has been documented and filmed that many rioters have demanded the streets to riot recent fatal police brutality of unarmed African American teenagers, but what has caused the most publicity is how these incidents spread so widely through social media. The article Ferguson: Digital Protest, Hashtag Ethnography, and the Racial Politics of Social Media in the United States by Yarimar Bonilla Jonathan Rosa studies the affects social media has on a modern political issue and explains how â€Å"hashtag activism† can unite a group of people globally. The controversy the article presents is whether social media can be considered a platform for police brutality, and on a greater outlook, â€Å"activism†. It concludes that reports on the shooting, the†¦show more content†¦The authors, Yarimar Bonilla and Jonathan Rosa chose disciplines with the background in communications, sociology, and public affairs. These three disciplines are not only present in this article b ut also represent the issue as a whole. Social media reflects communication, society’s behavior portrays sociology, and the political viewpoints symbolize public affairs. Key concepts like ethnography, police brutality, social media, and activism are all exercised in the article to help determine if a hashtag could become a field site. Research methods such as communication research and content analysis are evident throughout the article. For example, the article discusses a numerical description by stating, â€Å"during the initial week of protests, over 3.6 million posts appeared on Twitter documenting and reflecting on the emerging details surrounding Michael Brown’s death† (Bonilla Rosa 2015). The article does not directly state any key thinkers nor key theories but Black Lives Matter founders Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza, and Opal Tometi all encourage the content of the article and the supported sources. According to the motto Black Lives Matter is not a moment, but a movement. Communication has become the face of Black Lives Matter. Social media as a form of communication has allowed the fatal incidents of unarmed young black men to have a voice. It all started with the death of Trayvon Martin.

Difference Between French Revolution And American Revolution

The Difference between French Revolution and American Revolution Western Europe and the Colonies in the New World experienced major wars during the 18 century: the American Revolution (1775-1783) and the French Revolution (1789-1799), Both were inspired by the philosophy of the Enlightenment; both were the results of oppression the people had to suffer [at] the hands of their rulers. ..and [both] succeeded in toppling the monarchy Difference). Even though these two revolutions were similar in time frame and caused by unfair taxation of the oppressed poor by greedy, selfish monarchs, they differed significantly in other causes, notable events, participation of the classes, goals, and resulting political systems. Only the American†¦show more content†¦They arrived for the large munitions storages that were kept in the prison. The governor wasn t complying with the mob, so after a violent battle the mob seized control of the Bastille and the governor was killed with his head put on a spike for everyone to see (Differences). Some of the other events of the revolution include the women9s march to Versailles, the royal flight to Varennes, and the accomplishment of the Constitution. The French Revolution resulted in the failure of the constitutional monarchy. This resulted in a constitutional crisis as well during this period (Rana), In contrast, the American Revolution took a place in the New World Colonies an ocean away from its ruling monarchy: the thirteen colonies in North America broke free the British Empire to form the United States of America (Bartsch). This occurred because the British monarchy started to increase the number and amount or taxes on their exploits goods to the Colonies, and people became tired of this wrongful taxing, American revolutionaries were not looking to change Britain s monarchy; they simply desired to be free from its rule (Rana). One of the most notable events of the American Revolution was the Boston Tea Party. During this event patriots threw a whole batch of taxed English tea to the sea at the Boston harbor (Differences). Thus, the most notable incident (hat helped precipitate the French Revolution was the storming of the Bastille, and (heShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between the French and American Revolutions1362 Words   |  6 PagesDifferences in the American and French Revolutions Sometimes a revolution can take place within a country against its own current state of government, other times a revolution can take place externally to rid a country of another countrys influence. There are many components that are involved in a revolution taking place. One must consider the causes or reasons of the situation, the events that occur during the revolution and the effects or aftermath that had been created by that revolution. ThereRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between The French And Latin American Revolutions1044 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica. The North American and Spanish American Revolutions were similar in that they both shared the common goal of liberation from the foreign colonial governments that ruled over them. However they differed in that there was no goal for social reform in the American Revolution, but in the Haitian Revolution the slaves had the goal of social reform of the rigid social class system. Another difference between the revolutionar y processes in the two regions is that the American Revolution was successfulRead MoreSimilarities Between The French Revolution And American Revolution1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Revolution and the French Revolution The late 1700’s was a time for cutting-edge inventions, literary and philosophical achievements, upcoming and rising leaders, and lastly, revolutions. The American revolution took place from 1770 to 1783. The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted for a decade Both the American and French Revolution occurred at the same time and the citizens were both fighting for freedom from a monarchy, there are many important similarities and differencesRead MoreSimilarities And Similarities Between The American And French Revolution897 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the time period of 1648-1945 there were many revolutions taking place around the world. The biggest revolution that took place was the American and the French revolution. There were many similarities and differences between them. The first similarity being that they both wanted to escape their government. The second similarity being that they both started an uprising of people against their own government, due to unfair taxing. The French peasants were not represented by the government becauseRead MoreEssay on Revolution as a Product of the Enlightenment Period1070 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is a revolution? Revolution is defined, is the overthrow of one government with replacement of anothe r. We are all familiar with the phrase â€Å"history repeats itself† over and over each in very different situations. The same can be said about the American and French Revolutions however these two revolutions end in very different situations. Both the American Revolution, (1775 -1783) and the French Revolution (1789 -1799) were the products of Enlightenment ideals that struck a large populationRead MoreEssay On The French Revolution And American Revolution1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe American and French Revolutions are both unforgettable historical events that have made a substantial and severe impact on the present-day society. The American Revolution was an influential time period, lasting from 1774-1783, where the 13 British colonies in the Americas rebelled against the rule of Great Britain for independence. The French Revolution was a period of chaos from 1789 to 1799, where the people of France tried to overthrow their monarchy, King Louis XVI. Both of these Revolu tionsRead MoreSimilarities Between The French Revolution And American Revolution706 Words   |  3 PagesThe French Revolution and the American Revolution have many similarities but there are definitely some differences between these two wars as well. Yes, both wars were focused around liberty and equality and both were trying to gain freedom but the main difference between these two wars were the context. (www.quora.com) America wanted to gain freedom from rules and taxes that Great Britain had put upon them, whereas France wanted to abolish the French monarchy and form a better government where peopleRead MoreSavannah Whiting, Carson Lilley, Kennethan Heng . Mr. Porter.1168 Words   |  5 Pagesthree eras of revolution showcase various changes and continuities. The three-hundred year span features revolutions that started because of an assortment of different reasons, while many of them are practically duplicates in their results of the conflict, such as a government being aboli shed. Although these revolutions present diverse changes over time, the essence of almost every revolution in all three time periods reveals significant continuities between them. The European Revolutions of the 1700sRead MoreThe French Revolution1575 Words   |  7 Pagesrule, France was working to free itself from royal absolutism. This period is historically known as the French Revolution. Many scholars do not agree on the chronology of the French Revolution; some scholars suggest that the Revolution took place between 1789 to 1799 while others feel that it did not end until Napoleon lost power in 1815. To better understand the history of the French Revolution it is necessary to discuss the causes, major events, significant figures, and the outcomes associated withRead MoreThe American And French Revolutions985 Words   |  4 PagesThe American and French Revolutions America and France are two of the most famous countries on earth. They are first-world nations sitting at the forefront of this century. In order to achieve this, both had to endure periods of revolution and social restructuring. The American and French revolutions took place within forty years of each other, giving rise to these changes. A major catalyst for both revolutions lay in the philosophy of the Enlightenment. People of all social classes were

Bioethics Human Genetics

Question: Discuss about the Bioethics for Human Genetics. Answer: Bioethics is the entire study of all the ethical considerations and ethical issues arising from the emerging technological and research advancement in biological science and medicine. It is also referred to the moral judgment in the biological practices, as it is related to the medical policy and practice (Lippman, 1993). In this essay, different ethical issues in emerging biological studies will be focused. Three articles have been selected for analyzing the bioethics and its impact upon the scientific research. In these three articles, major ethical issues in medical practices, the prenatal testing and ethical consents of mothers, the FACE facts for provoking bioethics and the human cloning will be discussed for comparing authors analysis. Lipman (1993) highlighted the idea that, presenting the observation of scientists and their study results is no longer different from the presentation of interpretation of the external world by the novelists. The author analyzed that, both the scientists and novelists shape and interprets the raw materials for conveying message with the reflection of their previous vision and social context. The author used the term geneticization for analyzing the influence of genetics as a tool for explaining health and disease and normal condition (Lippman, 1993). The geneticization has been defined as the tool for differentiation of one person from another from their genetic origin and defining disorders as genetic in origin. The author revealed that some general issues are present across racial, social status, ethnic and income differences which has been highlighted as worry in case of ethics in genetic screening. The author described different prenatal tests for determining fetuss chromosomal composition from which sex of the fetus can be determined. The worry about the fact is that the reproductive technologies are developing as gendered, so the societal powers and privileges in local screening processes are shaping womens experience of motherhood (Lippman, 1993). It is a major question that if the woman is making decision of prenatal testing as a choice or it is the result of coercion or conformity. Society always reminds women to be responsible for her child by accepting prenatal testing without a question of choice. It has been revealed that prenatal testing is less valuable than the postnatal testing for identifying and infants genetic disease. Social power is pushing women to take decision of giving birth of their children based on the childrens inherited abilities and disabilities. It is an unethical behavior for the children because it is showing disrespect towards human right (Lippma n, 1993). The author suggested that society members should continuously question their own values as to why on the basis of ability is a fetus aborted and why is it socially encouraged. If the child with a disability is a problem, then the prenatal screening cannot be a solution (Lippman, 1993). The well being of a child cannot be separated from the mothers wellbeing and social, economical and political neglect effects the childs mental and physical growth more than the genes. Therefore, the society should empower womens choice of prenatal testing which is an ethical concern. In the research work, Juengst (2004) has stated about the FACE facts as to why human genetics will all the time provoke bioethics. Over the last few decades, comparative large amount of the U.S. taxpayers money were spent in trying to anticipate as well as address the bioethical issues raised by advances in the study of human genetics probably more than any other set of issues in the specified field. However, it can be stated that everyone do not believe in bioethics, but on the other hand, some do believe in bioethics, as they believe that there are more issues in this world to discuss. It has been seen that interest of bioethics in the generic research work based issues predispose the availability of the research findings for the specific topic. However, it has been noticed that the challenges of the new genetics comprise one of the indigenous themes for the bioethics. From Juengsts (2004)point of view, the bioethical concern in genetic research is not only the artifact or reflecti on of current funding or problems created by genetic science; rather it is the human genetics supporting morality for justifying the continuous prominence of the future bioethics agenda. Genetic testing provides information about hereditary facts before birth, from the bioethical viewpoint; genetic information reveals secret future information which should not be revealed without consents. Genetic information offers the preview of upcoming chapter in peoples life (Juengst, 2004). On the other hand, the four public identity features has long histories of cross-cultural use and abuse, the family role, community membership, ethnic affiliation and ancestral origins and these features are highlighted as FACE genetics by the author. Ethical issues have been raised regarding these issues when challenged by genetic information. It has been stated by a famous scientist that, we thought that our fate was in stars, but now we are familiar with genetics(Juengst, 2004). Bioethics criticizes it as too deterministic. Genetic privacy is a useful tool of regulating unfair use of genetic information. Bioethics will help to include moral implications of genetics for inherent public dim ensions of public identity. In the article provided by Kass (1997), the major focus is the ethical concerns of human cloning. It has been highlighted that, it is difficult now to express common and respectful understanding of protection, sexuality, nascent life, family and motherhood, fatherhood through the changes in broader culture. Cloning is the ideal solution for monogamous marriage, the ultimate single-parent child (Kass, 1997). Through cloning, people can work on their wishes and needs related to the baby, the identity of the child, so there will exist no link with the ancestor origin. The significance of human cloning cannot be underestimated or what is involved cannot be misunderstood. Cloning can include the use of laboratory techniques for manipulating the quality of genes, for gaining better babies. The genetically manipulation in cloning will become common in the laboratories upon acceptance of human cloning, for gaining a beautiful, talented, strong, with good inherited genes in babies, for making a good genetic race through their babies with superior genes (Kass, 1997). The repugnance is an emotional expression of wisdom over the reasons power to express. Here the repugnance is against excessive human willfulness. The morality of cloning depends upon the human intensions. Liberty sets the context of cloning regarding rights, personal empowerment, and freedom. The major thing to worry in this context is, beyond violating the willingness as symbolic is unreal (Kass, 1997). The ethical judgment upon cloning cannot be reduced regarding motives and intentions. The question is, whether cloning is a fulfillment of betterment of human belonging or not. The moral argument is related to those who are willing to state the repugnance of humankind to be mere superstitious. Human cloning also oppose the natural occurrence of sexual reproduction, thereby questioning against human origin and existence, as cloning needs only one biological progenitor for a child(Kass, 1997). According to Lippman (1993), genetics is often used in metaphor with the genes, blueprints, texts and DNA fragments which are capable of describing the human diseases and disorders. Moreover, he is also of the belief that the genetic process, which he calls as geneticization would be helpful in mapping the sequence of human genomes (Lippman, 1993). According to him, genetics also has a widespread application in the prenatal diagnosis which is a process comprising of the multiple testing and screening procedures that are used in assessing the physical status of the embryo or fetus during the pregnancy in women. Kass (1997) in his article The Wisdom of Repugnance has emphasized on the advantages of the innovative technology related to the cloning process by postulating that the cloning process would help the humans in springing from the natural living being as a human to being a God in the field of the genetics and reproduction. He claimed that cloning is the neutral technique that doe s not inherit any goodness, but is subjected to multiple advantages. According to Juengst (2004), genetics has the potential of revealing the essentials secrets of the individuals through the analysis of the respective genomes. Similar to the thinking of Lippman (1993), Juengst (2004) is also in the support of the opinion that genetics study also helps in deciphering the inner most self and workings of our bodies (Juengst, 2004). According to Lippman (1993), genetics involved with the prenatal analysis in women may raise a fundamental concern related to the health of women, their bodies and their societal roles as well. He believes that the women in our current societies are already differentiated, disadvantageous, vulnerable and powerless owing to their diminished status and challenges being faced in the prejudicial standards. Thus, the societal powers and privileges as incorporated in the prenatal screening procedures would be making the women to become more vulnerable to the social issues (Lippman, 1993). Kass (1997) argued that the flurry of the expert comments, opinion polls and public conservation, the then US President Bill Clinton had imposed a ban on all the federal support on the research relating to the human cloning. In addition, he also charged the National Bioethics Advisory Committee to be reporting on the ethics related to their human cloning research (Kass, 1997). According to Juengst (2004), though the genetics has constituted the main ingredient for the genetic research, it can be evident that only 11% of the Bioethics literature has been addressing the genetics (Juengst, 2004). The main reason behind this ignorance of the subject is due to the waxing and waning of the topic over the time. Although genetics help us in describing our disorders and disabilities within ourselves, Lippman (1993) believed that this would be acting against the ethics as it would be influencing our attitudes and values in the process (Lippman, 1993). According to Kass (1997), despite the ban on the cloning, scientists have been secretly violating the law by indulging in the researching on the genetics which has already created a deep impact in the medical world by giving us an artificially reproduced sheep named Dolly. He believes that our bioethics, claiming to be the expertise in moral matters, is itself responsible for banning the cloning process by deeming it to be harming the body integrity, individuality and identity of the humans (Kass, 1997). Juengst (2004) claimed that there has been a bloom in the literature owing to the research on the ethical, logical and social implications (ELSI) related to the subject since the last decade. Moreover, the US has been spending a lot of money on i nvestigating on the implications of the advancement in the genetics specially related to the humans (Juengst, 2004). In conclusion, it can be said that, the biological studies and researches should be done following the ethical considerations for betterment of human race and environment. These three articles highlighted the unethical activities in the society which are reflecting negative effects upon human race. The prenatal testing is reducing the freedom of choice in women for giving birth to their children. In the similar context, cloning is manipulating the natural existence of human and the FACE facts are affecting public identify with the power of society, politics and ethnicity. Reference List Juengst, E. T. (2004). FACE facts: why human genetics will always provoke bioethics.The Journal of Law, Medicine Ethics,32(2), 267-275. Kass, L. R. (1997). Wisdom of repugnance: why we should ban the cloning of humans, the.Val. UL Rev.,32, 679. Lippman, A. (1993). Worryingand worrying aboutthe geneticization of reproduction and health.Misconceptions: The social construction of choice and the new reproductive technologies,1, 39-65.

Investigatory Project Homemade Bouncy Polymer Essay Example

Investigatory Project Homemade Bouncy Polymer Paper One might think that chemists are a bunch of boring scientists who wear lab coats and look at beakers all day, but did you know that many toys you play with are made using chemistry?Some of your favorite toys like Gak, Slime and Silly Putty started out as chemistry experiments. In fact, some of your favorite toys may have been invented by chemists who work for toy companies like: Crayola, Play-Doh or Mattell. Chemistry is the study of matter, and how different elements of matter interact. There are many different kids of matter, which need to be described using the concept of properties. Toys like silly putty are unique because of they have distinct properties that are different from the properties of other types of matter.There are two different kinds of properties, chemical properties and physical properties. Chemical properties are qualities that can be observed during a chemical reaction, like when vinegar reacts with baking soda. Physical properties are qualities that can be obs erved during physical change in the absence of a chemical reaction, like the melting of an ice cube. Physical properties can be used to describe the state of a chemical, which can be a solid, liquid or a gas. The physical and chemical properties of Silly Putty are what make it so much fun because it is a polymer that is stretchy and bouncy!Scientists use properties to describe all of the unique qualities of a chemical or a mixture of chemicals. To do this they use descriptive language, or words that are used to describe objects. Some descriptive words used to describe a chemical might be: hot, cold, squishy, hard, soft, crystalline, granular, smooth, liquid, clear, 2 opaque, and runny. There are many different qualities to be described. You just need to find the right words to use. The unique physical and chemical properties of a polymer or mixture can be changed by the amount of each different ingredient used to make them.Sometimes the amount of one ingredient compared to the amoun t of another ingredient can make a big difference. This is called a ratio, and a ratio can be useful to know how much of each ingredient to add to your mixture so you will end up with a mixture that has desirable properties. RATIONALE Balls have been toys practically forever, but the bouncing ball is a more recent innovation. Bouncing balls were originally made from natural rubber, though now bouncing balls can be made of plastics and other polymers. In this researcher, the bouncing ball is made from a polymer.Polymers are molecules made up of repeating chemical units. The researchers will change the ratio of two basic ingredients in homemade Silly Putty. They will describe the physical properties of each different mixture using a data table. Then they will choose the ratio of ingredients to create the best putty product. The use of bouncing polymer in science education provides number of advantages. One can use it to describe the chemical and physical properties of the mixtures. It can also be used to describe potential and kinetic energy.It can also demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Energy and Newton’s Third Law of Motion – for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The researcher would like to find out which is the best ratio of the two basic ingredients in homemade Silly Putty that would produce better and higher bounce. 3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The main purpose of this research project is to come up with the best silly putty product. Specifically, it attempts to answer the following objectives: 1. To evaluate the physical properties of the polymer balls; 2.To describe the product of the different ratio of ingredients; and 3. To determine the height of the bounce of the polymer balls. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The main problem of the study is coming up with the best silly putty product based on various ratios of ingredients. Specifically, the study will seek to answer the following questions: 1. Would it be possible to mak e a homemade bouncy polymer from a simple polymer found in white PVA glue and corn starch? 2. Which of the following ratio will produce the best homemade bouncy polymer? 3.What would be the effect of the varying ratio of the ingredients on the physical characteristics of the homemade bouncy polymer? SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Science is fun. It cannot only be learned in the four corners of the classroom but rather it can also be learned at home. Chemistry can be a very intimidating subject that is hard for some students to understand. This project study would like to help demonstrate some basic principles of chemistry. Specifically, this project study will help students understand that there is a difference between a physical change and a chemical change.Silly putty, as well as bouncing polymer is fascinating and educational. It can teach everyone about Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics. 4 Results of the study would provide the pupils an opportunity to learn while having fun. Likewi se, this study will provide opportunity to parents to have some quality time with their children. The result and findings of this study would give educators an alternative way of learning outside the classrooms. It would also encourage them to use other sources which are readily around them in teaching Science.SCOPE AND DELIMITATION The project study initiated after the researcher became interested and amazed about silly putty. The researcher made some readings and found that there silly putty can be possible made using readily available materials at home. There were also some studies and experiments where polymers are used as subject matter. With the help and guidance of the science teachers, the researcher came up with this project study. The researcher will try out various ratios using Elmer’s white glue, Borax, water, corn starch. They also used Zip-lock baggie, some bottles, weighing scale and graduated cylinder.The homemade bouncy polymers were evaluated in two ways: qu antitatively, through the mass, volume, density, height of bounce/return, length of stretch and distance of roll, and qualitatively through the descriptive analysis of some observable characteristics of the homemade bouncy polymers. Findings of this study will be applicable only to the ratios of the materials used and the field of study that will be tested and may not be generalized with others. 5 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter reviews literature and studies related to the present project study.It presents literature on chemical properties, physical properties, polymers, and silly putty. RELATED LITERATURE Silly Putty, one of the most popular toys of the 20th century, was invented accidentally. Find out what a war, an indebted advertising consultant, and a ball of goo have in common. One of the most important resources needed for World War II war production was rubber. It was essential for tires (which kept the trucks moving) and boots (which kept the soldiers m oving). It was also important for gas masks, life rafts, and even bombers.Beginning early in the war, the Japanese attacked many of the rubberproducing countries in Asia, drastically affecting the supply route. To conserve rubber, civilians in the United States were asked to donate old rubber tires, rubber raincoats, rubber boots, and anything else that consisted at least in part of rubber. Rations were placed even on gasoline to hinder people from driving their cars. Propaganda posters instructed people in the importance of carpooling and showed them how to care for their household rubber products so they would last the duration of the war.Even with this home front effort, the rubber shortage threatened war production. The government decided to ask U. S. companies to invent a synthetic rubber that had similar properties but that could be made with non-restricted ingredients. In 1943, engineer James Wright was attempting to discover a synthetic 6 rubber while working in General Elec trics laboratory in New Haven, Conn. when he discovered something unusual. In a test tube, Wright had combined boric acid and silicone oil, producing an interesting gob of goo.Wright conducted a multitude of tests on the substance and discovered it could bounce when dropped, stretch farther than regular rubber, didnt collect mold, and had a very high melting temperature. Unfortunately, though it was a fascinating substance, it didnt contain the properties needed to replace rubber. Still, Wright assumed there had to be some practical use for the interesting putty. Unable to come up with an idea himself, Wright sent samples of the putty to scientists around the world. However, none of them found a use for the substance either. Rosenberg, 2009) The term polymer comes from the Greek word â€Å"poly†, meaning â€Å"many†, and â€Å"meros† meaning â€Å"parts†. The word â€Å"parts† refers to a grouping of atoms called molecular units, known as a monomer . POLYMERS Polymers are special organic molecules that form very long chains. Usually polymers make compounds that are stronger and more flexible than other compounds. Examples of polymers are: rubber, latex, and nylon (sciencelab, 2009). Polymer backbones are held together by covalent bonds by atoms sharing electrons. Other atoms, or even groups of atoms, hook onto the backbone by covalent bonds too.Some polymers that are called ionic polymers have ionic pendant groups. Their backbones are still held together by covalent bonds. When it comes to polymers, all of their backbones are held together by covalent bonds (that is, by sharing electrons) (pslc, 2009). 7 Also, by choosing the right kind of polymer, our product can be soft or hard, flexible or stiff, or most anything we want. Most polymers will last a long, long, long, long time. Thats good especially if you use them to make clothes, jars, even chairs. But its bad when polymers get thrown away.Some polymers are easier to recy cle than others. Its important to recycle the polymers that we can, like drink bottles, so that our landfills dont get filled up so fast. Most polymers are safe and non-toxic. Thats good. The monomers that are used to make polymers, though, are often toxic or stinky. That means that the companies that make polymers need to be very careful not to let the monomers get out before theyre made into polymers (pslc, 2009). Remember that polymers are very very long chains. These long chains: ? can bend and twist and get all tangled up ? can stick to each other ? ove much slower because theyre so big The longer a polymer chain is, the more tangled up it can get. Since the chains are harder to pull out or separate, that can make things made out of polymers stronger. Some polymers are more straight and stiff than others. These wont tangle up as much, but theyre strong for a different reason stiff chains can pack together and stick to each other. Think of molecules as being like magnets. Some are like very weak magnets, and some are like strong magnets. So, some can be pulled apart easily, but others take a lot more energy to pull them apart (pslc, 2009). 8Polymers are large molecules formed by the repetitive bonding of small molecules called monomers. The bondings of these low molecular weight monomers produce high molecular weight polymeric substances which have mechanical and chemical properties suitable in the manufactures of fibers, films, protective coating, insulating materials and more. Polymers accommodate to meet the needs of a wide variety of uses in the world; therefore, they play an important role in the chemical industries. Aside from synthetic polymers such as polyethylene and polystyrene, there are biological/natural polymers as well that can be found in nature.Cellulose and starch are examples of biopolymers that are built from small sugar; while proteins are polymers built from amino acids. The basic idea of polymer remains the same between synthetic an d biological polymers; however, synthetic polymers are much simpler than biopolymers due to the smaller size and simpler structure of the starting monomer. Polymer molecules may have anywhere from hundreds to thousands monomer units incorporated into a long chain, which depends on the properties of the polymer desired to achieve. Many simple alkenes, called vinyl monomers, ndergo polymerization (polymer-forming reactions) that made commercially important polymers. Polymerization involves the chemical combination of a number of identical or similar molecules, monomers, to form a complex molecule, polymer, of high molecular weight. There are a whole bunch of different ways that we can describe polymers what they look like, how they feel, how they smell, how they act, what they sound like when you drop them on the floor (ping! or splat! ) They can be hard or soft, stiff or bendy, strong or weak, smooth or rough, shiny or dull and lots more! Scientists have come up with all kinds of wa ys to test polymers to answer questions like: ? How easy is it to scratch? ? How much weight can a thread (or fiber, or rope) hold? ? How long will it last if its left out in the sun? ? How will it act if it gets hot? Will it melt if I leave it in the car in the middle of summer? ? How much heat does it take to make it all goopy? ? How fast will it dissolve in your tummy? (That one is important for pill coatings. ) ? How well can I see through it? ? What happens if I hit it with a hammer? This one might sound funny, but polymers that can take a hit with a hammer might just be good for something like a skateboarding helmet or hockey shin pads for goalies. ) There are all kinds of instruments that scientists use to test different polymer properties. The goal is to get numbers (data) so that one polymer can be compared to another. Flexible plastics like polyethylene and polypropylene are different from rigid plastics in that theyre easier to stretch (so their tensile strength is lower) , but they tend not to break. Interestingly, the ability to stretch is what keeps them from breaking.Theyll resist being stretched for a while, but if enough stress is put on a flexible plastic, it will eventually deform. You can try this at home with a piece of a plastic bag. If you try to stretch it, it will be very hard at first, but once youve stretched it far enough it will give way and stretch easily. The bottom line is that 10 flexible plastics may not be as strong as rigid ones, but they are a lot tougher (pslc, 2009). Polymers are made up of many many molecules all strung together to form really long chains (and sometimes more complicated structures, too). Figure 2. This is a polymer. Its a very large molecule. Most of the polymers well talk about here are linear polymers. A linear polymer is made up of one molecule after another, hooked together in a long chain. This chain is called the backbone. Now, linear polymers dont have to be in a straight, rigid line. Those single bonds between atoms in the backbone can swivel around a bit, kinda like paper clips hooked together end-to-end. A LINEAR polymer chain starts at the beginning and goes straight to the end. You can take your finger and trace the curvy path from one end to the other.To the rest of the world, linear means straight and not curved but for polymers, linear means straight and not branched. A BRANCHED polymer chain has extra beginnings (branches! ) along the chain and so it has lots of ends. No matter where you start, you cant trace the entire polymer without backtracking. 11 Different kinds of polymers: stretchy like a rubber band, tough like a football, soft like a sweater, silky and strong like a parachute, and even polymers that are bulletproof!! (pslc, 2009). Kinds of Polymer 1. Natural Polymer.Plants are made of a polymer called cellulose. This is the tough stuff that wood and stems and Pauls tree house! are made from. Cellulose is also what makes fibers like cotton and hemp that we can twist into threads and weave into clothing. And many plants also make starch. Potatoes, corn, rice, and grains all have a lot of starch. Starch is also a polymer. Even though starch and cellulose are both made from the same sugar (glucose), they act very differently (because the glucose molecules are joined together differently).Starch will dissolve in water, but cellulose wont. So we make food from starches and we build things and make clothing out of cellulose. 2. Plastics Im just guessing that everyone out there knows what plastic is. The word plastic means pliable. Plastics are materials that can be shaped and molded easily. Plastics become easier to mold and shape when theyre hot, and they melt when they get hot enough, so we call them thermoplastics. This name can help you tell them apart from cross linked materials that dont melt.These materials can seem a lot like plastics, but theyre really thermosets. So we make things out of plastic by getting it really hot until it melts and then pouring it, stretching it, injecting it or blowing it into molded shapes, like drinking glasses and toys. It takes a lot of energy to deform plastics into shapes, but they stay the same shape. Until it gets hot enough, plastic cannot easily be deformed. 12 Sometimes additives are added to a plastic to make it softer and more pliable. These additives are called plasticizers. 3.Elastomer Elastomer is a big fancy word, and all it means is rubber. Some polymers which are elastomers include polyisoprene or natural rubber, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, and polyurethanes. What makes elastomers special is the fact that they bounce, which is to say that they can be stretched to many times their original length, and can bounce back into their original shape without permanent deformation (pslc, 2009). Polymers are used to make numerous things, including clothing, plastic containers, nonstick cookware, and bulletproof vests.Try this experiment to see how polymers can make a toy . If you use the scientific method, you make observations before experimenting and forming or testing a hypothesis. Youve followed a procedure to make a bouncing ball. Now you can vary the procedure and use your observations to make predictions about the effects of the changes. Observations you can make and then compare as you change the composition of the ball include the diameter of the finished ball, how sticky it is, how long it takes to solidify into a ball, and how high it bounces. (Helmenstine, 2009).What makes polymers so fun is that how they act depends on what kinds of molecules theyre made up of and how theyre put together? The properties of anything made out of polymers really reflect whats going on at the ultra-tiny (molecular) level. So, things that are made of polymers look, feel, and act depending on how their atoms and molecules are connected, as well as which ones we use to 13 begin with! Some are rubbery, like a bouncy ball, some are sticky and gooey, and some are hard and tough, like a skateboard (pslc, 2009). Use simple chemistry to make a polymer bouncy ball with household ingredients.The ingredients used to make this ball form a type of elastic polymer that bounces like a store-bought super ball (ehow, 2009). Making polymer bouncy balls is a great project for anyone with an interest in chemistry, though kids probably get more out of the finished product than adults. Or maybe not they are pretty fun. You can make polymer balls yourself using common household ingredients. You can also purchase kits that allow you to make balls in neon and glowing colors. The molds that come with the kits can be re-used to shape balls you make using your own ingredients (Helmenstine, 2009).Plastics and rubbers are made from polymers- long chains of molecules that can be ‘zipped’ together. The long tangled up polymer chains can be stretched out or squashed up. This makes the material elastic, which is an excellent property for a bouncy ball. We can make a bouncy ball from a simple polymer found in white PVA glue. Polymers are made by combining many individual units called monomers into a single larger unit. You will be making a bouncing ball polymer in this experiment by combining Elmers white glue and 20 Mule Team borax.The monomer unit in the bouncing ball polymer is polyvinyl acetate (from Elmers glue). When borax is dissolved in water, some borate ions form: Na2B4O7 + 9H2O -gt; 2 Na+ + 2H+ + 4B(OH)4The borate ions form bridges connecting the polyvinyl acetate chains in the glue to one another. This is called a cross linking polymer. 14 This polymer also displays hydrogen bonding. The cross linking and hydrogen bonding produce a three-dimensional polymer with many open spaces for water to occupy (www. files. chem. vt. edu, 2009) Polymers are molecules made up of repeating chemical units.Glue contains the polymer polyvinyl acetate (PVA), which cross-links to itself when reacted with borax (Helmenstine, 2009) PVA (polyvin yl acetate) is a polymer or ‘long chained molecule’ so too is starch (present in the custard powder). The borax causes cross-links to develop between the two polymers and the mixture becomes stiff. It is important to get the correct amount of borax, too much i. e. too many cross-links, and the mixture is brittle; too little and the mixture flows; just right and the mixture can be rolled into a ball and bounced! Polymers (like PVA and starch) are a very important part of our world.The ingredients combine to make a fairly solid mixture which when rolled into a ball, you should be able to throw and bounce! (yummyscience, 2009) The glue is a polymer (long chain molecule) called polyvinyl acetate (PVA), and the custard powder contains corn flour which is a starch. Starch is also a polymer, this time made up from smaller glucose molecules. The borax acts as a cross linking agent and binds the two polymer chains together. Too much borax gives too many cross-links and hence a brittle substance. Too little borax means not enough cross-links giving a weak substance thats easily pulled apart.The ball is made of an elastic material. When it bounces the ball gets squashed and the kinetic energy gets converted to elastic potential energy, and some heat, plus a little sound. The ball then unsquashes and bounces back up. So as the ball bounces there are number of energy transfers: Gravitational energy is 15 transferred to kinetic as it falls. When it hits the ground the ball squashes. The kinetic energy is transferred to elastic strain energy in the ball. As the ball unsquashes the strain energy is converted back to kinetic energy.Some of the energy is lost as heat, sound, etc, which is why the ball doesnt bounce up to the same height it was dropped from (planetscience, 2009). Whats Happening? The white glue contains polyvinyl acetate, a strong and flexible polymer that gives the ball strength. Cornstarch contains amylopectin, a polymer whose shape is best descr ibed as branched it sticks out like the branches of a tree and gives the ball the property of elasticity. Elasticity allows the ball to return to its original shape after being compressed or stretched, such as hitting the floor.So instead of splattering everywhere, the ball bounces back up. The borax is needed to help the glue and the starch stick together. This connects the two polymers into a netlike formation, keeping the ball from crumbling or becoming slime when it is bounced. SUMMARY Polymers are long-chained molecules formed by repetitive molecules called monomers. Polymers exist from natural to synthetic forms. various ways from plastics to rubbers. Bouncy balls can be made out of glue, corn starch and borax due to its composition, polyvinyl acetate (PVA). Polymerization causes this reaction to occur.They have been used in 16 DEFINITION OF TERMS The following terms are defined according to how they will be used in the study. Bounce – is the height of the homemade po lymer reached after releasing at a certain starting point. Glue – a sticky white substance whose property is made up of polyvinyl acetate. Elastomer – is a polymer with rubbery characteristics. Polymer – is a large molecule formed by the repetitive bonding of small molecules called monomers. Roll – is the distance traveled by the homemade bouncy polymer over a 45 ° angle of inclined plane.Silly putty – is a toy that is a ball of soft, moldable, rubber-like material. Stretch – is the length of the homemade polymer to stay together before it is torn apart. 17 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY This chapter discussed the materials used, the formulas to be tested, instrument to be used, data collection and data analysis. RESEARCH METHOD The project study aimed to evaluate which ratio would produce the best homemade bouncy polymer. This study will further examine the characteristics of polymers produced from different ratio of solutions. MATERIALS The resea rcher will use some household materials readily available at home.Warm water, Elmer’s white glue, corn starch, borax, Zip-lock baggie, some bottles, weighing scale, beaker and graduated cylinder. PROCEDURE After gathering the necessary materials, the researcher prepared the following solutions They will prepare the Glue solution, which made up 30 ml of Elmer’s white glue and 30 ml of water. Stir well until the glue is fully diluted and no gooey clumps remain. They will also prepare the Borax solution, which is up of 360 ml of warm water and 10 ml of Borax. Stir well until no particles of Borax remain and the solution is clear. 18Label 5 Zip-lock baggies: Polymer #1, Polymer #2, Polymer #3, Polymer #4 Polymer #5. Combined the solutions in the Zip-lock baggies using the following ratios: Zip-lock Baggie Polymer # 1 Polymer # 2 Polymer # 3 Polymer # 4 Polymer # 5 Borax Solution 1 Tbsp 2 Tbsp 3 Tbsp 4 Tbsp 5 Tbsp Glue Solution 5 Tbsp 4 Tbsp 3 Tbsp 2 Tbsp 1 Tbsp Corn starch 1 Tbsp 1 Tbsp 1 Tbsp 1 Tbsp 1 Tbsp Seal the baggie, and using your fingers squish the mixture around to mix together the ingredients. When the mixture begins to form a sticky glob, take it out of the baggie. Start molding the ball with your hands.DATA GATHERING The data gathered was based from the objectives of the project study. Since the study wanted to assess the describable characteristics of each ratio and compare it, it dealt on some numerical data based on the mass, volume, density, height of bounce/return, length of stretch and distance of roll. 5 trials were done for the height of bounce/return, length of stretch and distance of roll of each homemade bouncy polymer. The researchers will also describe the observable physical characteristics of the products from the 5 ratios of the polymers. 19 The problems encountered in the project study were noted.DATA ANALYSIS The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The researcher would get the average of the height of bounce/return, length of stretch and distance of roll, in centimeters. Trials 1 2 3 4 5 Average Height of Bounce/Return Polymer Polymer Polymer 1 2 3 Polymer 4 Polymer 5 Trials 1 2 3 4 5 Average Length of Stretch Polymer Polymer Polymer 1 2 3 Polymer 4 Polymer 5 Trials 1 2 3 4 5 Average Distance of Roll Polymer Polymer Polymer 1 2 3 Polymer 4 Polymer 5 20 Below is an illustration how the researcher underwent the process of the project study.Planning the procedure and materials needed Gathering of materials needed Preparing the borax solutions Preparing the glue solution Mixing the two solutions in a zip-lock baggie Adding the corn starch Squishing the solution inside the baggie Rolling the polymer in the palm Evaluating and assessing the product Figure 3. 1. Flowchart of the procedure 21 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION Homemade bouncy polymer can be made using materials readily available at home. It was able to produce bouncing polymer which has rubbery char acteristics.The results of this project study were shown in the preceding tables and figures. MASS Based on the observation, when the result from each ratio have the following measurement: Polymer Mass 1 40 2 40 3 40 4 40 5 40 Table 4. 1 Comparison of Mass of the Polymers 40 35 Mass (in grams) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 Polymer 4 5 Graph 4. 1 Comparison of Mass of the Polymers After mixing the Borax solution and the glue solution, together with the corn starch, the five (5) polymer products were weighed and it was found out the mass was the same at 40 grams. 22VOLUME Based on the observations, the following volumes were gathered: Polymer Volume 1 90 2 85 3 80 4 78 5 75 Table 4. 2 Comparison of Volume of the Polymers 90 85 80 75 70 65 1 2 3 Polymer 4 5 Graph 4. 2 Comparison of Volume of the Five Polymers Polymer 1 has a volume of 90 ml followed by Polymer 2 with 85 ml, then Polymer 3 with 80 ml, Polymer 4 with 78 ml and Polymer 5 with 75 ml. DENSITY After getting the Mass and Volume of the 5 Polymers, the following Densities were met: Result Density 1 0. 44 2 0. 47 3 0. 50 4 0. 51 5 0. 53 Table 4. 3 Comparison of Density of the Polymers 23 Volume (in mL) . 60 Density (in g/mL) 0. 50 0. 40 0. 30 0. 20 0. 10 0. 00 1 2 3 Polymer 4 5 Graph 4. 3 Comparison of Density of the Five Polymers Polymer 1 has a density of 0. 44 g/ml. Polymer 2 has 0. 47 g/ml. Polymer 3 has 0. 50 g/ml. Polymer 4 has 0. 51 g/ml and Polymer 5 has 0. 53 g/ml. HEIGHT OF BOUNCE/RETURN Based on the observations, after the 5 Polymers were dropped, the following data were noted: Trials Polymer 1 6 6 7 8 5 6. 4 Polymer 2 5 5 6 5 4 5 Polymer 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Polymer 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Polymer 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 Average Standard 1. 02 0. 63 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 Deviation Table 4. Comparison of Height of Bounce/Return of the Polymers 24 7 Height of Bounce (in cm. ) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 Polymer 4 5 Graph 4. 4 Comparison of Height of Bounce/Return of the Five Polymers Polymer 1 has an average bounce/return height of 6. 4 while Polymer 2 has an average bounce/return height of 5. 0 cm. , after being release at a starting position of 77 cm. Polymer 3, 4 and 5 did not bounce at all. LENGTH OF STRETCH The 5 Polymers were pulled to test its ability to be stretched. The following figures were recorded: Trials Polymer 1 30 54 59 35 40 43. 6 Polymer 2 46 36 34 29 29 34. Polymer 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Polymer 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Polymer 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 Average Standard 11. 11 6. 24 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 Deviation Table 4. 5 Comparison of the Length of Stretch of the Polymers 25 45 40 Distance (in cm. ) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 Polymer 4 5 Graph 4. 5 Comparison of the Length of Stretch of the Polymers Polymer 1 has an average stretch distance of 43. 6 cm before it breaks. Polymer 2 broke at an average stretch distance of 34. 8 cm. Polymer 3, 4 and 5 was not possible to be stretch. DISTANCE OF ROLL In a 45 ° inclined plane, each Polymer was allowed to roll.The following data were collected: Trials Polymer 1 8 4 46 119 58 117 84. 8 Polymer 2 26 36 40 38 43 36. 6 Polymer 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Polymer 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Polymer 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 Average Standard 29. 77 5. 78 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 Deviation Table 4. 6 Comparison of the Distance of Stretch of the Polymers 26 90 80 Distance (in cm. ) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 Polymer 4 5 Graph 4. 6 Comparison of the Distance of Stretch of the Polymers Polymer 1 traveled an average roll distance of 84. 8 cm while Polymer 2 had an average roll distance of 36. 6. Polymer 3, 4 and 5 did not roll at all.OBSERVABLE CHARACTERISTICS Polymer 1 2 3 4 5 Characteristics White in color, rubbery, easy to mold into a ball, smooth, soft White in color, rubbery, easy to mold into a ball but it is also easily can loose its shape, smooth, soft White in color, slimy, not too easy to mole into a ball White in color, some small formation of ‘gooey’ substance can be observe White in color, watery Table 4. 7 Observable Characteristics of the Polymers 27 COST ANA LYSIS The following were the cost made in this project study. Total Amount Cost per unit Units used Expenses for the setup 30 P 11. 7 10 10 0 5 P 0. 42 0. 93 0. 00 14. 71 27. 82 5 5. 56 Material Glue Borax Corn starch Water Zip-lock baggie Cost 130 P 51. 00 P 0. 39 1000 200 360 30 42. 00 18. 50 0. 00 88. 25 0. 04 0. 09 0. 00 2. 94 Total expenses Polymer products Cost per Polymer product P Table 4. 8 Cost Analysis of the Research Project The amount of each material was divided by the cost of the material to get the cost per unit. Then the cost per unit was multiplied to the amount of units used to enable the researchers to get the expenses based on the setup of the project study.The total cost of the five (5) polymer products amounted to P27. 82. The cost of each polymer product was P 5. 56. 28 CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Based on the observation, homemade bouncy polymer can be created by mixing Borax dissolved in water, glue dil uted in water and cornstarch. The characteristics of the polymer depend on the amount or ratio of the solution. The more glue solution is added the more elastic the polymer is while the more Borax solution is added the more watery it is. All the Polymers weighted the same, 40 grams.Polymer 1 has the highest volume with 90 ml. Polymer 5 has the highest density with 0. 53 g/ml. Polymer 1 has an average bounce/return height of 6. 4 cm; an average stretch distance of 43. 6 cm; and, an average roll distance of 84. 8 cm. Polymer 2 has an average bounce/return height of 5. 0 cm; an average stretch distance of 34. 8 cm; and, average roll distance of 36. 6. Polymer 3, 4 and 5 did not bounce at all; was not possible to be stretch; and, did not roll at all. The total cost of the five (5) polymer products amounted to P27. 82. The cost of each polymer product was P 5. 56.CONCLUSION Based on the results and findings of the project study, the following conclusions were obtained: 1. It is possible to make a homemade bouncy polymer using PVA glue and cornstarch with the addition of Borax dissolved in water. 29 2. Polymer 1 with the ratio of 1:5:1 (Borax solution:glue solution:cornstarch) produced the best homemade bouncy polymer. It has the highest average bounce/return, highest average stretch distance and highest average roll distance. 3. Varying ratio of the ingredients, Borax solution and glue solution, affect the physical characteristics of the homemade bouncy polymer.Using less borax will produce a goopier type of ball while adding more glue for a slimier ball. RECOMMENDATIONS Making a homemade bouncy polymer produced a positive result. With this basis, the researchers recommend the adaptation of this homemade bouncy polymer on the teaching-learning process which can be used by both teachers and students specifically in representing chemical reactions in Chemistry and demonstration of some laws in Physics. To further improve the project study, the researcher would also l ike to recommend the following: 1. Experiment with the ratio between the amounts of glue, cornstarch, and borax; 2.Experiment on the floor where the homemade bouncy polymer will bounce the highest, on a wood, on a glass or on a concrete floor; 3. Experiment if temperature will affect the characteristics of the homemade bouncy polymer; 4. Experiment if the size will affect the height of bounce/return, length of stretch and distance of roll; and, 30 5. Experiment if the homemade polymer can be used as an alternative on some rubber products. Moreover, other investigators are encouraged similar project to improve the quality and provide homemade bouncy polymer.

terminal velocity essays

terminal velocity essays SC1: Investigating Terminal Velocity When an object falls through a fluid it accelerates until it reaches its terminal velocity. At this speed the forces acting on it are balanced. My task is to investigate the factors that affect the terminal velocity of a falling object. Viscosity/density of the fluid Surface area of ball bearing Texture of the balls surface I am going to investigate how mass affects the terminal velocity. I think that as the mass of the ball bearing increases so does the weight of the ball bearing, which requires more friction to balance the ball bearings weight thus making the terminal velocity increase. I think that the mass of a ball bearing is directly proportional to the terminal velocity. This is because if the mass of ball bearing doubles so does the weight of the ball bearing, which requires twice as much friction to balance the ball bearings weight, which then doubles the terminal velocity. The scientific knowledge to prove my prediction is that as the mass of the ball bearing increases the weight of the ball bearing is increased that requires more friction to balance the ball bearings weight which increases the terminal velocity. As the ball bearing accelerates the friction acting against the falling ball bearing increases which in turn balances out the forces applied to the ball bearing which reaches the terminal velocity. The apparatus was set up as shown (in the diagram on the next page) Two elastic bands were placed on the tube 60 cm (600 mm) apart measured to the nearest 0.1 cm. The first band placed low enough so that the terminal velocity of the ball bearing was reached before the ball bearing reached the band and the second band placed far enough apart so that there would have been a smaller percentage of error. The elas ...

The immigration report Essays

The immigration report Essays The immigration report Essay The immigration report Essay Homeland Insecurity: How Immigrant Muslims Naturalize America in Islam Immigrants must feel at home not only in the privacy of their own homes but also in the culture of society. (597) The Muslim population is rapidly increasing especially in the western world, from converts to those who originate from Islamic backgrounds. According to the article there are about six million Muslims in the United States of America. However, despite the common misbelieve they have very few things in ommon, one is their religion and two is their experience in a new country. Muslims have different perceptions of how the religion must be practiced, Just as Christians have different perceptions of how to practice, perceive it from Catholicism, Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist etc As we study the religion of Islam we must know that each culture, upbringing and environment plays a huge role in the defiance of their religion and that because it is foreign to us we must not clump it into one category. Unfortunately, it is known for American to base our knowledge on Just about anything on media or shows like Saturday Night live. I believe as a nation we are ignorant and rely on these shows instead of researching various sources such as scholars, books and even make the time to have the opportunity to submerge yourself or expose yourself into what you are in search of. My best friend, llaff is from Morocco. She chose to wear the scarf when she was 17 years old, so she tells me. She states that being a Muslim in the western world is a challenge in itself, specially when someone decided to wear a piece of clothing that can be taken as controversial. She is one of those 6 million Muslims in America that know that their religion is and can be widely misunderstood especially after September 1 1 . I really enjoyed this expert; I believe that it addressed an important issue that America faces, and many times it is not talked about. I think from any standpoint, does not matter what religion we choose, or what background we came from, I know that we can relate to it, if we keep an open mind.

Explain why it is necessary for marketers to deploy different product Essay

Explain why it is necessary for marketers to deploy different product growth strategies in relation to market development opportunities. Provide examples to support your answers - Essay Example at are limited in a particular state; other criteria for the differentiation of marketing plans used in various industrial sector can be also set – taking into consideration the consumer preferences, the characteristics of the target market and the resources available. The need for the alignment of marketing strategies with specific demands and rules is extensively highlighted in the literature. In this context, it is noted that ‘globalization of business has created the need for international public relations practitioners to identify, study and understand the world views, mindsets, and habits of their global publics in order to effectively communicate’ (Ihator, 2000, 38). In any case, culture is considered to be a significant criterion for the development of marketing strategies – a view which is in accordance with the study of Tan (2002); Taylor (2002) also emphasizes on the importance of culture for marketing plans in all industrial sectors. Other crite ria, like the condition of the advertised product (Zhang et al., 1996, 40), have been considered as the potential basis for the development of marketing policies. Current paper focuses on the examination of the importance of market development opportunities for the product growth strategies deployed by marketers in various industrial sectors. It is proved through this study that marketers tend to be influenced by the market development opportunities when having to design a product growth strategy; however, the above dependency is not standardized – it is a relationship which is strongly depended on the willingness of marketers to use the market development opportunities as the basis for a product’s marketing policy; examples are provided that justify further – referring to the existing literature – the above assumptions. Through the decades, different criteria are set for the promotions of products and services in the market. The specific issue is highlighted in the study of Yelpaala (1994) where

Bayard as the `Unvanquished of the Novels Title Essay

Bayard as the `Unvanquished of the Novels Title - Essay Example Bayard, growing up in the vanquished South and under the influence of a father whose ethos revolves around war and dreams, could have easily absorbed an ethos of self-destruction and vanquishment. Colonel Sartoris’ legacy, and indeed the family heritage, is one of war; a legacy which defines heroism and honour in terms of the destruction of others. It is a legacy which irrevocably defines war as glory and the defeat of others as heroism. Within the context of this legacy, one inherently founded upon the precept of vanquishing the `other,’ In so doing, he ultimately engages in self-destruction. In addition to the above, Colonel Sartoris emerges as a dreamer - a man whose thoughts are so intently focused on his perceptions of honour and on the maintenance of the previously defined legacy that he fails to connect with the reality around him. In articulating the nature of that dream, Drusilla tells Bayard that his father â€Å"is thinking of this whole country which he is trying to raise by its bootstraps, so that all people in it, not just his kind nor his old regiment, but all people, black and white, the women and the children† may enjoy a better life (Faulkner, p. 256). This is an undoubtedly noble and honourable dream but it is, nonetheless, a dream. The very concept of dreams effectively signifies a rupture with, and destruction of, reality. From this perspective, therefore, Bayard is raised in an atmosphere which should have imposed self-destruction upon him, whether consequent to the ethos embraced within the family legacy or that contained within his father’s dreams.

Types of ownership Essay Example for Free

Types of ownership Essay My business will be a sole proprietorship because I will be in charge of the business but I would need to employ people to help me run the business. As I decide what happens to the profits I would pay for wages and then spend the rest on repairs and debts until I had paid off the necessary debts and loans. I have chosen a sole proprietorship because I get to be my own boss and if I am deciding what happens to the profit I know it will be spent in connection with the business . The disadvantages wont affect me because I have employed people t work for me therefore I wont have to work long hours . All skateparks around the uk are unincorporated because people ride skateparks at their own risk so if they injure themselves it is there own fault. The only way I could get prosecuted is if they are injured due to bad maintenance of the park i. e. somebody hurting themselves on a nail sticking out of a ramp. Cash flow is important because if you have a poor cash flow your business goes bankrupt. A cash flow forecast enables you to see how much money is coming into the business and how much is coming in and how much money is going out. If to much money is going out and not enough is coming in you can use the spreadsheet to see what needs to be changed. If you have a poor cash flow there is a lack of working capital. This can result in a lot of other problems like staff not getting paid on time and if loans arent repaid firms may take legal action against this and reposes things making the business unable to sell products. I would not have good facilities for anybody under the age of 12 with no great understanding of the sports or ability to do the sport

Alkali Aggregate Reaction Essay -- essays research papers

ASR is one example of a more general problem known as Alkali Aggregate Reaction [AAR]. ASR is a chemical process in which alkalis, usually predominantly from the cement, combine with certain types of silica in the aggregate when moisture is present. This reaction produces an alkali-silica gel that can absorb water and expand to cause cracking and disruption of the concrete. For damaging reaction to take place the following need to be present in sufficient quantities. High alkali cement Reactive aggregate [e.g. crushed greywacke type sandstone] Moisture Structures most at risk are bridges, hydraulic structures, exposed frames [e.g. open multistorey car parks] and foundations. In relation to total construction volume, the incidence of significant damage due to ASR in the UK is small. ASR was discovered in the USA in the 1940s; no case was found in the UK until 1971 [in a concrete dam in Jersey]. The problem is known to exist in at least 35 countries. Affected concrete often exhibits map cracking of the surface, known colloquially as Isle of Man cracking after that island`s three legged emblem. In heavily loaded sections the cracking will probably follow the line of the main reinforcement. An excellent overview of the phenomenon can be found in BRE Digest 330. Since the early 1980s recommendations have been produced and refined to the stage where ASR is unlikely if these are adopted. Principal methods include.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Controlling the level of available ...

Halal Cosmetic

Name: Abdullah Al-Shuraim ID: 0804461 Group: S3G7 Instructor: Brian Thompson Contents * Executive Summary:3 * Overview of non-food Halal product:11 * Overview of Avon Cosmetics Company:13 * Avon Products:15 * Some of Avon Products:16 * Potential Product Summary20 * Process for Halal Certification21 * The procedure to make it a Halal Product is:22 * The procedure of Halal Certificate:23 Changes or Improvements for Launching Halal Product24 * Define three different market segment for Kuwait market place25 * Mission & Vision and How might be affected by new Halal Product:28 * Providing the same quality of service to existing customers30 * Major Promotional Activities & RMOI:32 * One Year Budget and ROI:36 * Competitors:39 * Communicating the changes in the Current Operations with Introduction of Halal Product:41 * Recommendation:42 * References:43 Executive Summary: 1. Avon Overview:Avon is a very successful and leading global company in the cosmetics industry. It was founded in 1886 by Mr. McConnell. When Mr. McConnell was selling books he used to make his own perfumes and he used to give them to his customers, then he realized that the customers likes his perfume and it was one of the reasons why they are buying his books, so he decided to make his own cosmetics company and now Avon is one of the best cosmetics company in the world. Avon Company was renamed after a river that runs through the English midlands.Avon CEO is Andrea Jung who committed to make Avon the most wanted company by women and also to satisfy the need of women globally. The main product are beauty products and fashion jewelry and also Avon has many brands that comes under the name of Avon such as Avon color, anew, Advance techniques, skin-so-soft, Avon naturals and Mark. Avon is the faster growing market on China and Russia which means they are doing a good and successful business. 2. Recommendation of Halal Product in Kuwait market Launching Halal product in Kuwait will be a very succ essful idea because of many reasons. . Kuwait is an Islamic Market b. Kuwaitis always seeks for Halal product and they are loyal to this type of products c. Kuwait is a trendy market which means word of mouth might make the company one of the biggest company I Kuwait market and by launching Halal product that will be a good reason to make people in Kuwait talk about your products and that will help us to sell more, increase product awareness and get the market attention 3. Who are the three market segments? A. Demographic: Age| 18 – 30| Gender| Females| Income| Above 500 K. D| Religion| Muslims| B. Psychographic:We will be focusing on the interest because women who are interested to attend social meeting and family gathering which are a very important part in our society will be more likely to buy make up because this type of women use it more than others. Also we will be focusing on the opinion because we don’t sell only cosmetics, we sell Halal cosmetics and that mig ht make a difference on people who thinks and believe that Halal product are better than other regular product and we will be focusing on this type of women because they care about the ingredients and how did we make our products.C. Behavioral: We will be focusing on the usage rate because women who use makeup and cosmetics more than other because they have more occasions so these will be focused on and also brand loyalty because there are some women when they like a certain brand of makeup they don’t tend to change it and they became loyal to this brand and this type of women who we are looking for.Also Occasions is one of the important parts of behavioral segment because there are women who don’t use make unless they have an occasion and this type we can satisfy them by offering them promotions for a whole set of cosmetics and they will have the opportunity to buy it and keep it till they use it. 4. What changes and improvement to current organization with launching new Halal product A. Kuwaitis have their own taste in some of the fragrances and perfumes and adding â€Å"Bokhor† smell to the fragrances and perfumes will a very good step in Kuwait Market. B.Also since our products are Halal product we might add some â€Å"Henna† which is a planet with a nice smell and Kuwaitis also put â€Å"Henna† on their hairs often and they believe that it helps the hair to be stronger, better smelling and shiny. C. We must create a website in Arabic so customers can read all of the ingredients and what are our products made of in Arabic so they can trust us and feel safe. D. We will use some Kuwaitis celebrities to represent our makeup and do some commercials for us. E. Customer Service is a very important thing that we have to look after and we will be collecting our customer’s Mobile number r emails so we can inform them if we have any promotions or discounts. F. Since we will be doing some commercials and advertisement for our new Halal product we must have an Arabic advertisement and also an English advertisement. G. We will be publishing flyers that shows how Halal cosmetics are better than regular cosmetics to increase the target market awareness. H. To ensure that the team or the employees are working affectively we will set a commission for each clerk so we can encourage them to work better. 5. ROI and ROMI for new Halal product ROMI: Promotion Method| Promotion Budget|Events Promotions| 5,200 K. D| Media Promotions| 2,600 K. D| Internet Promotions | 750 K. D| Total| 8,550 K. D| Return On Marketing Investment| 17,100 K. D| As we can see the table shows each promotion method budget and also it shows the total budget for the Marketing plan in 8 months including the two pre launch months. It also shows you that the ROMI is 17,100 K. D because what are we planning for is in every 1 K. D we pay for promotions we want to get 2 K. D for example, When we budgeted 5,200 K. D in the Event promotions we want t o make sales of 10,400 K. D and we did that because after making sales of 10,400 K.D we have to pay all of our expenses and we will have the rest as a profit. The best way to make sure that you are making profit is to make sure that the ROMI is 50% or above. ROI: Sales| 133,000 K. D| | COGS| 80,000 K. D| | | | 53,000 K. D| Gross Profit| 53,000 K. D| | Expenses: * Sales Expenses: 13,700 * Operation Expenses: 6,000 * Financial Expenses 5,000| 24,700 K. D | | Net Profit| | 28,300 K. D| This table shows the sales we make for a period of 14 months, how much did we pay for the goods or product we sell and it shows what expenses did we have and how much each one of them cost us.Also as you can see it tells us how much profit we make over one year. We calculate that by taking how much sales we made minis how much did we pay for the product we sells and then we will get the Gross profit. Then we take the Gross Profit minis Total Expenses and we will get the Net Profit which means the money w e make over a period of time which is in our case 14 month. 6. Promotional Activities of New Halal product Main Promotional Activities: Event | October| November| December| January| February| March| April| May| Cost| Exhibitions in Mall| | | | | | | | | 3,200 K. D|Trade Show| | | | | | | | | 2,000 K. D| Media | October| November| December| January| February| March| April| May| Cost| Catalogs | | | | | | | | | 400 K. D| Magazines| | | | | | | | | 600 K. D| Radio| | | | | | | | | 1,200 K. D| Flyers| | | | | | | | | 400 K. D| Internet | October| November| December| January| February| March| April| May| Cost| Social Network| | | | | | | | | 600 K. D| Blogs| | | | | | | | | 150 K. D| One year Promotional Activities: 7. Who and How you will communicate the changes in the company When any company introduce new product there will be many changes in the organization.The successful companies are the companies that focus on the new product and also they still focus on the old product and they know how to communicate the changes that happens to the current operation in the organization. For our company we will have 5 main steps to be able to communicate the changes. Who? 1. Employees 2. Management 3. Board of Directors 4. Clients or customers if necessary How? 1. We must communicate through many channels such as writing, intranet of the organization and training and explain more about the change 2. We have to give enough time for people to ask question and know more about the change 3.We have to clearly explain the Vision, Mission and the objectives of our company 4. Explain the reason of the change clearly and what that might benefit the company and the clients Overview of non-food Halal product: Halal has become a very famous word specially for food industry, Hala could extends non-food products such as personal care, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and other consumers goods. Halal is an Arabic word, meaning lawful, and is the Islamic dietary law that identifies food permitted for Muslims. Non-halal is also referred to in Arabic as Haram (meaning not permissible).Halal word comes from Al. Shareyah law or the religion law. Halal in general means that the food is clean, safe and good quality. In Islam everything is Halal except the harmful things and things that might harm. Also in Islam any food or drink comes in the middle area between halal and haram it’s called ‘Shobha’ and Muslims should avoid consuming Shobha foods and drinks until the label of the food or drink becomes clear. In Malaysia, the definition of halal food is provided by the Malaysian and they have standards of halal food such as storing, handling, ingredients and production.Why does halal products and food are so famous nowadays even in the non-Muslim countries? The answer is because Muslims are all over the world there are Muslims everywhere and they considered a large segment of target market and if we could produce a product that may attract all of the Muslims in o ne spot to my product that will be a very big success to any company and that what many companies tried to do and now it become a very successful business and Halal is recognized world-wide. Kuwait is an Islamic country and it follows the Quran and Shariyah law which means that non-halal products are not allowed in Kuwait.In order to import goods such as personal care, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and other consumer’s goods it should be halal according to the law in Kuwait and Shariyah law. Now cosmetics industry is getting bigger and they are making a very good business in all over the world. And also because people in all over the world have become a very specific about the cosmetics ingredients and caring more about what are they made of, we must come up with a very good solution that insure the customer a better cosmetics ingredients and could attract more consumers to the product and increase the market share and be more widely.Overview of Avon Cosmetics Company: Avon is a l eading global company was founded in1886. Avon caters to the cosmetics demand of women across all over the world. Avon Company follows a certain marketing policy in over than 130 countries through million of Avon representatives. Avon has a unique line of cosmetics product. Most of these products include fashion jewelry, apparel, and beauty product. The well recognized brands launched by Avon are Avon color, anew, Advance techniques, skin-so-soft, Avon naturals, and mark the company has its presence in over 135 countries.It is the faster growing market in china and Russia. Almost all the products are sold to the retail stores. The skin care product line comprises bath and skin lotions, anti-aging cream, perfumes, lipstick, only to name few. Avon is one of the best cosmetics company in the world with over $6 billion in annual revenue. When the company began it began as the California Perfume Company. The founder of Avon cosmetics Company is Mr. David McConnell. He discovers that peop le were buying his books because he was giving them a rose oil perfumes. In 1939, Avon was renamed after a river that runs through he English midlands. Avon produces makeup, bath and skin lotions, anti-aging cream, perfumes, jewelry, clothing, cosmetics and toys. Now Avon products are sold in over 135 countries all over the world.The main target for Avon is women, but even though now they are manufacturing product for children. Although Avon products are sold in shops and retails outlets, but many of them are also sold by being marketed as door to door through â€Å"Avon Ladies† or Avon Representatives. The company chairman and CEO is Andrea Jung, who was promoted to this position in 1999. Avon Strength and weaknesses: * Strength: * It gains a huge profit every year That tells us that Avon is a very successful company and there are many demands on its product * Avon is one of the best names in Cosmetics Industry. Avon is the fastest growing market in China and Russia and that tells us that Avon is one of the best names in Cosmetics Industry.* Avon company has a very successful history Avon was founded in 1886 and they’re still doing business which means they have a very great history and that what makes them still doing business. Avon Cosmetics are high quality cosmetics with a possible price Avon has a big responsibility towards the clients because Avon promised that they will provide the best cosmetics with a very high quality and that consider as a strength and also what makes it better that the price is not expensive. * Avon has a very good reputation in the market. Avon is a well-known company world-wide and it’s a very famous company as we mentioned before its revenue reaches $6billions annually. * Weaknesses: * Avon Fake Product Many companies are selling fake product and pretending that they represent Avon * Internal Operating problems:There was many compliant about Avon because of the Internal operating problems such as order were taken, but not filled, packaging wasn’t enough also the internet wasn’t used as a marketing and selling tool since Andrea Jung changes all the problems and fixed them, however there are few things must be fix ed. * Old Product: Even though Avon are developing new products every year, but there are still product that Avon produce and no one want to buy them and there are some studies that tells us that these old product are causing a loss in the profit because of the wasted money that are spent on the marketing, packaging and buying the supplies . Few Product Variety: As we can see most of the companies that comes to the industry after Avon such as Unilever, and Procter are offering a variety of product, while Avon has a focused product line and they are over focusing on it. Avon Products: Avon cosmetics are famous and they have achieved the bestseller in many countries over the world. Avon products are available in many countries and in many shops in more 130 countrie s all over the world. The ingredients that Avon uses in their product are high quality ingredients and also they have committed to provide Avon clients the best product in the market.Avon believes that all the women in the world deserve the best quality and the best cosmetics product and that what Avon is looking for. Since Avon is a women company as they name their self we believe that their product are meant to be for women and their product is exactly what women all over the world is looking for. Avon has many products and many products line, they have lips, eyes, nail and face cosmetics and also they have beauty tools and beauty gift sets. However, Avon has many brands of their product such as, Anew Beauty, Avon Color, Extra Lasting, Healthy Makeup, Ideal Shade, Jillian Dempsey, NailExpert, Perfect Wear and Smooth Minerals. What makes Avon a very special cosmetics company is that Avon has many healthy product and they are also care about the health so Avon is a part of Breast Ca ncer Crusade and also Avon is against the domestic violence. The people who sells Avon products or Avon representatives are trained very well to know all the ingredients of each product that Avon sells and they have a good products knowledge, so when a customer ask any question or need a recommendations Avon representatives will be more than happy to help him and guide him to the best cosmetics on the planet.Some of Avon Products: The Product Name| Price| Description| Ingredients| Colors| Picture| ANEW Age-Transforming Compact Makeup| $15. 00| With 4D Wrinkles Reverse Technology. Skin looks younger, even after you take makeup off. Minimizes fine lines, wrinkles and age spots. Water-based for ultra-fresh feel. Natural radiant finish. Medium coverage. | WATER COCOS NUCIFERA (COCONUT) FRUIT JUICE OLEA EUROPAEA (OLIVE) LEAF FRUIT EXTRACT BENZYL ALCOHOL NYLON-12 DIMETHICONOL GLUCOSAMINE HCL ALUMINUM DIMYRISTATE TITANIUM DIOXIDE/CI 77891 MICA/CI 77019 IRON OXIDES| | |The Product Name| Pri ce| Description| Ingredients| Colors| Picture| Healthy Makeup Concealer| $8. 00| Radiant color makes your entire look come alive. Healthy Makeup is infused with skin-loving nutrients. | WATER/EAU CYCLOPENTASILOXANE TRIOXAUNDECANEDIOIC ACID PHENYL TRIMETHICONE DIMETHICONE GLYCERIN SODIUM CHLORIDE SORBITAN SESQUIOLEATE ETHYLHEXYL METHOXYCINNAMATE GLYCERYL BEHENATE PEG/PPG-18/18 DIMETHICONE DISTEARDIMONIUM HECTORITE OLEA EUROPAEA (OLIVE) LEAF EXTRACT PYRUS MALUS (APPLE) ROOT EXTRACT PUNICA GRANATUM FRUIT JUICE | | |The Product Name| Price| Description| Ingredients| Colors| Picture| Healthy Makeup Lip Conditioner| $3. 0| Healthy makeup The essence of a beautiful look. A fresh face. Vibrant eyes. Rosy lips. It lets your natural radiance shine through and your true beauty come alive. To your skin’s health and radiant beauty Jillian Dempsey, Avon Global Creative Color Director & Hollywood Makeup Artist| Active IngredientOctinoxate 7. 5% Other Ingredient: DIISOSTEARYL FUMARATE BA RIUM SULFATE SQUALANE POLYBUTENE OZOKERITE MICROCRYSTALLINE WAX/CIRE MICROCRISTALLINE DI-C12-15 ALKYL FUMARATE POLYETHYLENE ZEA MAYS (CORN) STARCH CETYL ALCOHOL PETROLATUM PUNICA GRANATUM FRUIT JUICE GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) OILOLEA EUROPAEA (OLIVE) LEAF EXTRACT ALOE BARBADENSIS LEAF EXTRACT RETINOL COLLAGEN | | | The Product Name| Price| Description| Ingredients| Colors| Picture| Healthy Makeup Lipstick| $9. 00| Healthy makeup†¦the essence of a beautiful look. A fresh face. Vibrant eyes. Rosy lips. It lets your natural radiance shine through†¦and your true beauty come alive. | Active Ingredient: OCTINOXATE 7. 5% Other Ingredients: DIISOSTEARYL FUMARATE SQUALANE POLYBUTENE BARIUM SULFATE OZOKERITE MICROCRYSTALLINE WAX/CIRE MICROCRISTALLINE DI-C12-15 ALKYL FUMARATE POLYETHYLENE ZEA MAYS (CORN) STARCH CETYL ALCOHOLPETROLATUM | | | The Product Name| Price| Description| Ingredients| Colors| Picture| AVON PRO Color and Gloss Lip Duo| $10. 00| Luscious shine wrapped in rich color. Lipstick on the outside, lip gloss on the inside. Wear each alone or both together†¦3 looks in one! Multi-dimensional color and shine. Lips look and feel moisturized. Lipstick, . 07 oz. net wt. Lip Gloss| LIPSTICK: RICINUS COMMUNIS (CASTOR) SEED OIL POLYGLYCERYL-2 DIISOSTEARATE SQUALANE GLYCERYL TRIACETYL HYDROXYSTEARATE MYRISTYL LACTATE OZOKERITE MICROCRYSTALLINE WAX/CIRE MICROCRISTALLINE LIPGLOSS: DIISOSTEARYL FUMARATETRIISOSTEARYL TRILINOLEATE TRIISOSTEAROYL POLYGLYCERYL-3 DIMER DILINOLEATE POLYGLYCERYL-2 DIISOSTEARATE/IPDI COPOLYMER SUCROSE ACETATE ISOBUTYRATE VP/HEXADECENE COPOLYMER BIS-STEARYL CAPRYLYL GLYCOL | | | Potential Product Summary After studying the market in Kuwait and studied the product of Avon we decided that the products we want to bring to Kuwait are lipsticks and lip treatment products. This type of product has a very big demand in the world especially in the Middle East. A study in 1937 survey revealed that over 50% of teenage girls fought with their pa rents over lipstick.This means that lipsticks have been a very good product for the companies to sell since lipsticks has a strong demand in all over the world. Even in Kuwait, after we studied the market in Kuwait we found that most of the women and girls buy lipstick and they prefer to buy lipstick more than buying any other cosmetics. During the Islamic Golden Age the notable Arab Andalusian cosmetologist Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi invented solid lipsticks, which were perfumed sticks rolled and pressed in special molds, and he described them in his Al-Tasrif. That shows us the importance of the rouge and lipsticks in the Arabian Culture.Also after studying the market in Kuwait and the demand of the lipsticks we found that the ages who uses lipstick are from 13-35 years old which means a bigger target market for us and this is a very good number and if we succeeded in getting 20% of the market interesting in our product we will be making a very good sales and making a good number of revenue. Also one of the reasons why did we choose lipsticks is that lipsticks are used everyday not like other cosmetics and make up which are used in a special occasion and that increases the demand of lipsticks in the country pecially in Kuwait because most of the girls and women here they don’t get out of the house unless they have some make up on which shows you the importance of the makeup and cosmetics in Kuwait Market. The last reason why we choose lipsticks and lips treatment product is that Avon Company has many types of lipsticks and many varieties of lipsticks. That’s an advantage for us because we will bring many types of lipsticks so we can satisfy all the needs and wants of the customers who wants lipsticks and we can offer them more than one type.Also we will be bringing eyes products such as eye liner, mascara and eye shadow. These products also have a strong demand in Kuwait market and the eye product is as much important as the lips products. Thatâ⠂¬â„¢s not all, we will also bring some make up special product such as foundation which is so important in Kuwait market since the women use it a lot for wedding and other occasions and also blush because it’s also used in the same occasions and even more. In Kuwait Kuwaitis care about perfumes and fragrances so much and I believe that bringing this product to Kuwait market will be the best choice as a beginning.After we launch these products we will be launching more products such as bath and body product, skin care products and hair care products. Process for Halal Certification Even though there is a long hard procedure to follow in terms to certificate your product as a halal product, but it worth it. First of all since we are going to sell our product in Kuwait and Kuwait is an Islamic country we have to sell a halal product and we can’t sell anything that hasâ€Å"haram† ingredients. Also to have a halal product, this will improve the brand image in the m arket and internationally.Also Halal certificate will help us exploring the cross border trade opportunities and it could obtain us the advantage to be better than our competitors and have a competitor advantage. Halal certificate also will help us attracting more customers not only in Kuwait, but internationally also and Halal insignia is a trustworthy and autonomous and dependable. The procedure to make it a Halal Product is: First of all no food served inside the factory to make sure that the factory is always clean.Second, only Halal Ingredient should be in the product and there are no â€Å"Haram† ingredients in it. To make the product Halal it should be: * Free from Alcohol or wine for food. * If it’s not food the alcohol content in the finished product must be less than 0. 5%, but it is better to keep it less than 0. 01%. * Free from filth * Free from animal part, except what has been approved as â€Å"Halal†. * Free from animal fat such as, enzyme, emuls ifier and other fats except what is â€Å"Halal†. * Free from pork or dogThis table shows the Halal and Haram ingredients and also it shows â€Å"Mashbooh† ingredients which mean it is not clear yet if it’s Halal or Haram, but it would be better if we did not use it. Ingredient| Status| Ingredient| Status| Alcohol| Haram| Hydrolysed Animal Protein| Mashbooh| Ammonium Chloride | Halal| Lard| Haram| Animal Fat | Haram| Leavenings| Halal| Animal Shortening | Haram| Lecithin (commercial) | Halal| Ascorbic Acid | Halal| Malt| Halal| Bacon (Pork) | Haram| Molasses| Halal| BHT| Halal| Monoglycerides| Mashbooh|Cholesterol| Mashbooh| Oxalic Acid | Halal| Collagen (Pork)| Haram| Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | Halal| Dextrin / Dextrose | Halal| Pepsin| Mashbooh| Dicalcium Phosphate | Halal| Phospholipid| Mashbooh| Diglyceride| Mashbooh| Phosphoric Acid | Halal| Diglyceride (Plant) | Halal| Pork| Haram| Enzyme| Mashbooh| Potassium Bromade| Halal| Ergocalciferol| Hal al| Potassium Citrate | Mashbooh| Ethoxylated Mono/ Di Glyceride | Mashbooh| Propionic Acid | Halal| Fatty Acid | Mashbooh| Renin / Rennet | Mashbooh| Fungal Protease Enzyme | Halal| Shortening| Mashbooh|Gelatin / Kosher Gelatin | Haram| Soya Protein | Halal| The above is a list of some of the known ingredients only. Source : Islamic Food and Nutrition Council of America| The procedure of Halal Certificate: First we have to fill the application forms and supporting documents includes a detailed of the company’s profile and the local authority’s license, also we have to inform them with all the ingredients that in the product, the address of the manufacture and the name or the suppliers of the ingredients name and address.Also the original status of ingredients, packaging materials, manufactures process and procedures. Second, we have to pay full payment of the certification fees before the inspection and we have to succeed in the physical site inspection includes inspe ction of storage, ingredients, production, general hygiene and quality control. Third, a report will be sent to the evaluation committee and recommendation and then the report will be tabled and evaluated by a committee for issuing Halal Certificate.Then they will give us a validity period of the certificate is only for two years. Then it will be carried out the Halal conformity through inspection, constant monitoring by surprise visit or calling the companies involved. Changes or Improvements for Launching Halal Product Because Kuwait market is an Islamic Market and they follow the rules of â€Å"Alshariyah† that means they usually eat, drink, wear and buy Halal products and the demand on Halal product is huge.Also on the other hand the demand in Kuwait market for the cosmetics is also huge and strong as in Kuwait cosmetics is used every day and its one of the important priority for women and teenagers in Kuwait. If we could take a product with a high demand on it such as co smetics and turn it to Halal cosmetics and also introduce it in an Islamic market such as Kuwait market, you will be doing an excellent business. If we see the demand and supply we will find that the demand of Kuwait market is cosmetics product and they are also demanding Halal product, but unfortunately they didn’t have the opportunity to find Halal cosmetics.Now we will be supplying their demand by offering them Halal cosmetics and if we just monitor the marketing mix well we will be doing a very good business in this market. Every business has its own special marketing plan and strategy to attract the customer and to grab their attention. Every company has its own way how to make the product and all of the marketing mix works with each other in terms to be successful company and to make more sales and profit.There is one important thing that not many of us might be aware of it, which is there might be some changes required to be successful in that market and as we know not all the markets are the same and any strategy that works in a certain place or market might not work in another place. For example when Cheetos Company for cheese curl wanted to expand in China they did not study the market well and after introducing the product in china they was shocked with the big failure they have faced. The reason why Cheetos Company failed in this market is because they didn’t do some changes.In China cheese curl is not famous and even though when they tried it they didn’t like it. After Cheetos company realized the problem they have done a research to find what are the best flavor for China market and they find that Strawberry, blueberry and BBQ flavored are the best to suit this market and when they changed the flavor they succeeded in this market. For our business we also will make some changes since we studied the market well and we think these changes will attract more customers to our business and make it a successful business. 1.Kuwaitis have their own taste in some of the fragrances and perfumes and adding â€Å"Bokhor† smell to the fragrances and perfumes will a very good step in Kuwait Market. 2. Also since our products are Halal product we might add some â€Å"Henna† which is a planet with a nice smell and Kuwaitis also put â€Å"Henna† on their hairs often and they believe that it helps the hair to be stronger, better smelling and shiny. 3. We must create a website in Arabic so customers can read all of the ingredients and what are our products made of in Arabic so they can trust us and feel safe. 4.We will use some Kuwaitis celebrities to represent our makeup and do some commercials for us. 5. Customer Service is a very important thing that we have to look after and we will be collecting our customer’s Mobile number or emails so we can inform them if we have any promotions or discounts. 6. Since we will be doing some commercials and advertisement for our new Halal product we must ha ve an Arabic advertisement and also an English advertisement. 7. We will be publishing flyers that shows how Halal cosmetics are better than regular cosmetics to increase the target market awareness. 8.To ensure that the team or the employees are working affectively we will set a commission for each clerk so we can encourage them to work better. Define three different market segment for Kuwait market place Before we complete our study we should divide the customers into different categories, so we can know what are the expected demands are and so we can meet need or want of these customers. Since satisfying all the customers is almost impossible, so we have to divide the customers into different groups and after dividing them we have to select a part and try to meet the need and want of this part.Now how can we divide the market or split it? We can group the customers based on 3 main groups 1. Geographic 2. Demographic 3. Psychographic 4. Behavioral Now I will discuss three of the s egments and I will rank them based on their viability and likely contribution to the business. 1. Demographic: Age| 18 – 30| Gender| Females| Income| Above 500 K. D| Religion| Muslims| We choose the age of 18-30 because from 18- 25 are likely to buy most of our products and because most of them are in Colleges and universities they will use it more.And from 25-30 are likely to go for weddings and in Kuwait they must have makeup on them when they are going to wedding and that why we will be focusing on this age group. Cosmetics are used by females and also Avon Company is a women company so we will be focusing on women and tries to satisfy their needs and wants. The income should be above 500 K. D because women who have an income which is below 500 K. D will not be able to buy from Avon because they will have a more important priority to do with their salaries and they will prefer to buy from other shops that cheaper than Avon. 2. Psychographic:We will be focusing on the inter est because women who are interested to attend social meeting and family gathering which are a very important part in our society will be more likely to buy make up because this type of women use it more than others. Also we will be focusing on the opinion because we don’t sell only cosmetics, we sell Halal cosmetics and that might make a difference on people who thinks and believe that Halal product are better than other regular product and we will be focusing on this type of women because they care about the ingredients and how did we make our products. . Behavioral: We will be focusing on the usage rate because women who use makeup and cosmetics more than other because they have more occasions so these will be focused on and also brand loyalty because there are some women when they like a certain brand of makeup they don’t tend to change it and they became loyal to this brand and this type of women who we are looking for.Also Occasions is one of the important parts of behavioral segment because there are women who don’t use make unless they have an occasion and this type we can satisfy them by offering them promotions for a whole set of cosmetics and they will have the opportunity to buy it and keep it till they use it. Which segments are likely to purchase our product?Now if we want to see which segment is more likely to buy my product and ranking them from one to three, Number one will be Demographic segment because they are likely to buy my products since the religion is included and Halal product means that this product is the best product for Muslims and also because they are women and the age of 18-30 is the best age to buy from us.Second, Psychographic women who are interested in family gathering and social meeting and gathering are likely to buy our product more than the others because they use the makeup more than others and those whom we want to attract and they will be likely to buy our product because we can offer them speci al discount and promotions if they visited us more and more.The last one is Behavioral because women who uses the cosmetics based on usage rate and brand loyalty won’t buy our product so much because cosmetics products isn’t used for one day, it’s used for a period of time and we want women who use more so they will buy more and this is the reason why behavioral segment comes in the last place. After segmenting the market, now we can say that our best customer is a Muslim women between 18-26 years old who is interested in social activities and meeting and also interested in family gathering with an income above 500 K.D and she thinks that Halal cosmetics are better than regular cosmetics because they don’t have Haram ingredients and it is been produced and manufacture in a better way. Mission & Vision and How might be affected by new Halal Product: Avon Vision: To be the company that best understands and satisfies the product, service and self-fulfill ment needs of women—globally. Avon’s Mission: The Global Beauty Leader Avon Company will build a unique portfolio of beauty and related brands, striving to surpass their competitors in quality, innovation, and value, and elevating our image to become the world’s most trusted beauty company.The Women’s Choice for Buying Avon Company will become the shopping destination for women, providing a personal, high-touch experience that helps create lifelong customer relationships. The Premier Direct Seller Avon Company will expand their presence in direct selling, empowering women to achieve economic independence by offering them a superior earnings opportunity as well as recognition, service and support, making it easy and rewarding to be affiliated with Avon. The Best Place to WorkAvon Company will be known for their leadership edge, including their passion for high standards, their respect for diversity, and their commitment to create exceptional opportunities for professional growth so that associates can fulfill their highest potential. The Largest Women’s Foundation Avon Company will be a committed global champion for the health and well-being of women through philanthropic efforts, with a special focus on breast cancer, domestic violence and women’s empowerment. The Most Admired CompanyAvon Company will deliver superior returns to our shareholders by tirelessly pursuing new growth opportunities while maintaining our commitment to be a socially responsible, ethical company that is watched and emulated as a model of success. When Avon Company introduced the Halal cosmetics many things were changed in the Vision and the Mission of the company. This step has given the company an opportunity to prove that Avon Company is a real Women Company and they care about women. By introducing Halal product they have attract more customers to their brand name.Every company has its own Vision and Mission and now we will see what did the Halal cosmetics change in the Vision and the Mission? Halal cosmetics have changed the company to be a better company that cares about all the religions and try to have the best ingredients and satisfy the women needs globally. By providing Halal cosmetics Avon proved what they have promised when they said they wanted â€Å"To be the Company that best understands and satisfies the product, service and self-fulfillment needs of women— globally. Halal products have worked in make the Avon Company image better and trustworthy and also it helps the company with their mission such as being the most admired company and also by introducing Halal product to the company they’re achieving their mission to be the largest women’s foundation and the women choice of buying and to be the global beauty leader. Providing the same quality of service to existing customers Customer service is a very important part that we have to focus on because customer service is in every purch ase the customer does.We all have stories with bad customer service and good customer service and we used to share it with others. We know that word of mouth could be the reason why customers always come back for your store or company or it could be a reason of loosing many customers by treating them poorly. Warren Buffett said: â€Å"It takes 20 years to build a reputation and five minutes to ruin it. To be honest with the customers is the best way to ensure a good customer service.Being honest with the customers and communicating with the customers when there is any mistake that happens ensures you that the mistake will never happen again and this is an advantage of being honest. There are few steps if we follow them we will continue to provide continued quality of service. 1. Response quickly When something goes wrong we have to quickly call the customer and explain him what happened and explain him our company’s mistake.If We have to communicate with a large number of cu stomers, then we have to send them an email explaining them what’s the company’s mistake and we will send them an email because it’s faster if we are communicating with a large number of customers. 2. Set a Realistic Expectation If we promised the customers something that didn’t delivered as we promised, the customers will feel disappointed and we will lose their trust in our words and promises, so we must do what we have committed to do even if it takes some arm wrestling with other departments who want to launch a product to the market before its been ready. . Respect The customers are so important to any company, without them we will not have any company, so all of our staff should love the customers even though there are some customers who will push the limits, but with the philosophy of respecting our customer and appreciating him we will get the customers satisfaction and we will be providing good customer service. From Gandhi, â€Å"We must become the change we want to see in the world. † How could we know if the customers are satisfied with our customer service or no? We have many ways to see if the customers are satisfied or no.First, after purchasing we can ask them to do a survey for us and also by doing an annual survey is a good way to ask. Also a follow up calls from the call center department will be a good idea. Measuring our services is an important thing to do because it gives us the opportunity to improve our company performance or even to save our company of losing. We will do some steps to know if customers are satisfied or no. How can we keep the customer satisfied? We can keep the customer happy and satisfied by following also several rules.If we follow these rules we will be able to satisfy the customers and ensure that they are happy with our services. 1. Service level: For the call center the first call is just like the first impression for the customer. The customers will know if the service is good or bad from the first call. Also for the shipment and delivery we must give a very good impression for the customer from the first day. 2. Response time: The response time is a very important tool we should use to ensure that our customers are satisfied and what we mean by response time is that when any customer has a question we should answer him as soon as possible.This will help us to keep the customers satisfied. 3. Give the customer his time: Some of the companies tell their agents to keep the calls short, but this is not helping the company because this might send a wrong message to the customer, so we will be giving the customer plenty of time to feel free to ask about anything he want and also our agent will give the customers a full detailed answers. After doing all these steps we will be sure that we are provide the same quality of service to existing customers with the introduction of the new Halal product.Major Promotional Activities & RMOI: This table shows our pro motion major activities and also it shows which promotion we will use in each month before launching the product and after launching the product. We have choose three main promotions activities section and under each of them we have choose a certain promotions ways that we thinks it best deliver our message to our target market. | October| November| December| January| February| March| April| May| Events & Exhibitions| | | | | | | | | Media| | | | | | | | | Internet| | | | | | | | |We will be launching the product in December 2012. In October and November these two months are pre launch months and we will be doing some exhibitions and advertisement on these two months to create product awareness before launching it. When we launch the product we want to reach the highest number of target market so we will be using the three major promotions to reach our target market on December. Event | October| November| December| January| February| March| April| May| Cost| Exhibitions in Mall| | | | | | | | | 3,200 K. D|Trade Show| | | | | | | | | 2,000 K. D| For the Event we will be using this promotion in October before launching the product, December when we launch the product, January, March and May. We will be using two types of Events promotions. The first one is Exhibition in malls such as Avenues, Marina Mall and Al Fanar Mall. The second one is the Trade show where there are some exhibitions for cosmetics brand where many cosmetics brand rent a booth and promote their product. This table will show you what Event promotions we will use and when. Media October| November| December| January| February| March| April| May| Cost| Catalogs | | | | | | | | | 400 K. D| Magazines| | | | | | | | | 600 K. D| Radio| | | | | | | | | 1,200 K. D| Flyers| | | | | | | | | 400 K. D| For the Media Promotions we will be using 4 types of media. The first thing we will be printing some Catalogs of our product and a brief description of our company and what are the Halal Products. The se cond thing we will be doing some advertisement in some Magazine that targeted the women such as Laki Magazine, Al-Mara’a Magazine and Sayedati Magazine.Also Radio is a good way to advertise for such a product, we will be doing some commercial advertisements in Marina FM because there is a study that said 78% of the channel listeners are females and that was said during one of the programs in Marina FM. Also flyers will be printed and we will be publishing them in some salons and Malls. Internet | October| November| December| January| February| March| April| May| Cost| Social Network| | | | | | | | | 600 K. D| Blogs| | | | | | | | | 150 K. D| For the Internet Promotions we will be using two methods.First we will be using Social Networks such as Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and YouTube. We choose this method because nowadays many people are being a part in the social networks websites and in Kuwait it has been a very attractive way to reach your target market. Also some of the so cial networks could offer you to advertise just for your target market. For example, if your target market is female age from 18 to 30 and their interests are Cosmetics, The social network can advertise your promotion just for the target you choose.The second method we will be using is Blogs since now many people are interested in blogs and they can share their opinion and get new ideas. This method might be used to educate our target market about Halal Product and also we might use it to tell more about our products and company. This is table shows our promotional budget for 8 month before and after launching the product and also we have mention the expected ROMI for these 8 months. Promotion Method| Promotion Budget| Events Promotions| 5,200 K. D| Media Promotions| 2,600 K. D| Internet Promotions | 750 K. D| Total| 8,550 K. D|Return On Marketing Investment| 17,100 K. D| As we can see the last table shows each promotion method budget and also it shows the total budget for the Marke ting plan in 8 months including the two pre launch months. It also shows you that the ROMI is 17,100 K. D because what are we planning for is in every 1 K. D we pay for promotions we want to get 2 K. D for example, When we budgeted 5,200 K. D in the Event promotions we want to make sales of 10,400 K. D and we did that because after making sales of 10,400 K. D we have to pay all of our expenses and we will have the rest as a profit.The best way to make sure that you are making profit is to make sure that the ROMI is 50% or above. One Year Budget and ROI: This table shows which promotions we are going to use for a period of 14 months include the two months of the pre launch period. This table shows in details which promotion we are going to use and when also it shows how much each promotion cost. Promotion Method| Promotion Budget For one year + Pre launch 2 months | Events Promotions| 7,000 K. D| Media Promotions| 3,800 K. D| Internet Promotions | 1,400 K. D| Educational Promotions| 1,500 K. D| Total| 13,700 K.D| Return On Marketing Investment| 27,400 K. D| This table shows the promotional budget for a period of 14 months including the 2 months before launching the product. As we mentioned before in the report we always assume that our return on investment will be the double because we usually set a plan to get 2 K. D for every 1 K. D we invest in promotions and marketing. Sales| 133,000 K. D| | COGS| 80,000 K. D| | | | 53,000 K. D| Gross Profit| 53,000 K. D| | Expenses: * Sales Expenses: 13,700 * Operation Expenses: 6,000 * Financial Expenses 5,000| 24,700 K.D | | Net Profit| | 28,300 K. D| This table shows the sales we make for a period of 14 months, how much did we pay for the goods or product we sell and it shows what expenses did we have and how much each one of them cost us. Also as you can see it tells us how much profit we make over one year. We calculate that by taking how much sales we made minis how much did we pay for the product we sells and then w e will get the Gross profit. Then we take the Gross Profit minis Total Expenses and we will get the Net Profit which means the money we make over a period of time which is in our case 14 month.Competitors: MAC: MAC Company is one of the best names in the cosmetics industry. MAC Company was founded in 1984 in Toronto, Canada by Frank Toskan and Frank Angelo. The MAC is a short cut of Make-up Art Cosmetics, but its known world-wide as MAC. Frank Angelo was a beauty salon owner and he come up with a makeup line that would be well with photography. The two owners use to cook the cosmetics in their own kitchen and most of their clients were artist, models, photographer. Strength: * Strong Brand Name * Brand Loyalty * Many Branches in KuwaitWeaknesses: * Uncomfortable products * Potential skin irritants products * No anti-blemish products * Poor customer service * Not many Advertisement L’Oreal: L’Oreal is the world largest cosmetics and Beauty Company. It was founded in 190 9 by the French chemist Eugene Schuller in France. L’Oreal has a variety of products such as hair color, skin care, sun protection, makeup, perfumes and hair care. L’Oreal reached the top 100 Brand in the industry which means it is one of the leading cosmetics company in the cosmetics industry. Strength: Many distribution channels sells their products in Kuwait, but they don't have a store here * Many Advertisement * Many varieties of products line * Many products for men * Their product almost in every super market in Kuwait Weaknesses: * No experts in Makeup and no makeup artist * No store for L'Oreal they only supply other stores with their products * They are focusing on hair product and less focusing in cosmetics Threats: There are few threats that our company is facing from MAC and L'Oreal. 1. They have a good customer base Customers prefer to try something have been in the market for long time then trying new thing specially for cosmetics products so it might be hard for us to attract and get customers interested in our product 2. They might do promotions or discounts on the time we launch our product * They may fail our product launching because they might do discounts or huge promotions on the same time we launch our product in and that could distract the customers for noticing our products 3. They might introduce Halal Product Our competitive advantage is that we have Halal products, if they produce Halal products and launch it in Kuwait most of the customers will buy from them since they are well-known and have a big customer's base. Communicating the changes in the Current Operations with Introduction of Halal Product: When any company introduce new product there will be many changes in the organization. The successful companies are the companies that focus on the new product and also they still focus on the old product and they know how to communicate the changes that happens to the current operation in the organization.For our compa ny we will have 5 main steps to be able to communicate the changes. Who? 5. Employees 6. Management 7. Board of Directors 8. Clients or customers if necessary How? 5. We must communicate through many channels such as writing, intranet of the organization and training and explain more about the change 6. We have to give enough time for people to ask question and know more about the change 7. We have to clearly explain the Vision, Mission and the objectives of our company 8.Explain the reason of the change clearly and what that might benefit the company and the clients If we follow these 4 steps, we will be able to make a very good communication and all the people who works in the company will know why we are changing and how we will change and when also, so they will be on track with any step the company does and they will help to make the introduction of Halal product more successful. Recommendation: Avon Company is a very successful company in the cosmetics industry and it has a ve ry long history in the industry.Avon products are in more than 130 countries and that show us how big and successful the company is. I believe that Avon Company will make a huge success in Kuwait and even in the Middle East because Avon has the perfect products that satisfy the needs of Kuwait market the Middle East market. The Vision of Avon is to be the company that satisfies the needs of the women internationally and globally and by introducing Halal product they are proving to the people that Avon is the Number 1 Company that understands the women need and try to provide the products that satisfy that need.The introduction of Halal Product will make a big change in the marker. Kuwait market is small and Kuwait community is also small and a word of mouth in Kuwait is doing a great job for the companies and organizations. By introducing Halal Product we will get the Kuwait market attention and many people will be talking about it and we will have very good product awareness by wor d of mouth and we will make a big success in this market since it’s an Islamic market and they are trendy people who like to try new things. References: http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Halal http://www. npros. com/dir/avon/ http://www. avoncompany. com/aboutavon/index. html http://licence2halal. com/our-services/ http://www. malaysiahalalfoods. com/ingredients. html http://www. halaljournal. com/article/194/jakim-halal-certification-details http://www. scribd. com/doc/26155318/New-Product-Development-Strategy http://managementhelp. org/fp_progs/mkt_mod/market. htm http://managementhelp. org/fp_progs/mkt_mod/mrk_nlyz. htm http://www. netmba. com/marketing/market/segmentation/ http://samehar. wordpress. com/2006/05/29/a223/